Last modified: 2021-11-16
Abstract
Crash box is a part of the crashworthy system that is used to reduce the severity of accidents in vehicles. The use of composite materials as a material for crash boxes has been widely studied. This study aims to determine the effect of wall thickness and fiber orientation angle on the deformation pattern and energy absorption by frontal crash test. A multi-cell octagonal cross-section made from e-glass epoxy is used with thickness variations of 1 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm and variations of the fiber orientation angle of [±15°]4, [±30°]4, [±45°]4, [±60°]4, and [±75°]4. The computer simulation using frontal load speed of 10 m/s. The results showed that the crash box that absorbed higher energy was crash box with a thickness of 2 mm and a fiber orientation angle of [±60°]4. Each crash box model shows different deformation patterns, namely local buckling, a combination of fragmentation and lamina bending, and a combination of local buckling and lamina bending.
References
[1] Z. Ahmad, D. P. Thambiratnam, and A. C. C. Tan, “Dynamic energy absorption characteristics of foam-filled conical tubes under oblique impact loading,” Int. J. Impact Eng., vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 475–488, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.11.010.
[2] A. Baroutaji, M. Sajjia, and A. G. Olabi, “On the crashworthiness performance of thin-walled energy absorbers: Recent advances and future developments,” Thin-Walled Struct., vol. 118, no. November 2016, pp. 137–163, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2017.05.018.
[3] S. Pirmohammad and S. E. Marzdashti, “Crushing behavior of new designed multi-cell members subjected to axial and oblique quasi-static loads,” Thin-Walled Struct., vol. 108, pp. 291–304, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2016.08.023.
[4] M. A. Choiron, “Analysis of multi-cell hexagonal crash box design with foam filled under frontal load model,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1446, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1446/1/012022.
[5] A. Alavi Nia and M. Parsapour, “Comparative analysis of energy absorption capacity of simple and multi-cell thin-walled tubes with triangular, square, hexagonal and octagonal sections,” Thin-Walled Struct., vol. 74, pp. 155–165, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2013.10.005.
[6] A. Rossi, Z. Fawaz, and K. Behdinan, “Numerical simulation of the axial collapse of thin-walled polygonal section tubes,” Thin-Walled Struct., vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 1646–1661, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2005.03.001.
[7] J. Obradovic, S. Boria, and G. Belingardi, “Lightweight design and crash analysis of composite frontal impact energy absorbing structures,” Compos. Struct., vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 423–430, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.08.005.
[8] A. Esnaola, I. Ulacia, L. Aretxabaleta, J. Aurrekoetxea, and I. Gallego, “Quasi-static crush energy absorption capability of E-glass/polyester and hybrid E-glass-basalt/polyester composite structures,” Mater. Des., vol. 76, pp. 18–25, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.03.044.
[9] D. Hu, C. Zhang, X. Ma, and B. Song, “Effect of fiber orientation on energy absorption characteristics of glass cloth/epoxy composite tubes under axial quasi-static and impact crushing condition,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 90. pp. 489–501, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.08.017.
[10] Y. Wang, J. Feng, J. Wu, and D. Hu, “Effects of fiber orientation and wall thickness on energy absorption characteristics of carbon-reinforced composite tubes under different loading conditions,” Composite Structures, vol. 153. pp. 356–368, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.06.033.
[11] M. M. Shokrieh, H. Tozandehjani, and M. J. Omidi, “Fiber Orientation and Cross Section Effects on Energy Absorbing of Composite Tubes under Axial Dynamic Loading,” no. January, 2015.
[12] G. C. Jacob, J. F. Fellers, and J. M. Starbuck, “Energy Absorption in Polymer Composite Materials for Automotive Crashworthiness,” Compos. Mater., vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 1–79, 2001, [Online]. Available: http://thyme.ornl.gov/composites/reports/jocm01.pdf.
[13] S. T. W. Lau, M. R. Said, and M. Y. Yaakob, “On the effect of geometrical designs and failure modes in composite axial crushing: A literature review,” Compos. Struct., vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 803–812, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.09.013.
[14] G. Farley, “Relationship Between Mechanical-Property and Energy-Absorption Trends for Composite Tubes,” NASA Tech. Pap., 1992.
[15] S. Palanivelu, W. Van Paepegegem, and J. Degrieck, “Comparative study of the quasi static energy,” vol. 66, no. 0, pp. 37–39, 2012.